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- $Unique_ID{BRK03887}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Job Syndrome}
- $Subject{Job Syndrome HIE Syndrome Hyper-IgE Syndrome Hyperimmunoglobulinemia
- E-staphylococcal Abscess Syndrome Hyperimmunoglobulin E-Recurrent Infection
- Syndrome Hyperimmunoglobulin E Syndrome Job-Buckley Syndrome Dermatitis Atopic
- Granulomatous Disease Chronic Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1991 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 856:
- Job Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Job Syndrome) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
- alternate names and subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- HIE Syndrome
- Hyper-IgE Syndrome
- Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E-staphylococcal Abscess Syndrome
- Hyperimmunoglobulin E-Recurrent Infection Syndrome
- Hyperimmunoglobulin E Syndrome
- Job-Buckley Syndrome
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Dermatitis, Atopic
- Granulomatous Disease, Chronic
- Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The Information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Job Syndrome is a rare disorder present at birth (congenital) in which
- there are large bacterial infections, particularly of the skin, with some
- swelling and redness (cold staphylococcal abscesses); a defect in the
- attraction of white blood cells (leukocytes) that destroy bacteria, fungi,
- and viruses to chemical stimuli (granulocyte chemotactic defect); an
- abundance of one of the antibodies that are concentrated in the lungs, skin
- and cells of mucous membranes (immunoglobulinemia E); inflammation, redness,
- pain or itching of the skin (chronic-eczematoid dermatitis); and a mild
- increase in the number of leukocyte white blood cells (mild eosinophilia).
- Job Syndrome is often inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
-
- Symptoms
-
- The main symptoms of Job Syndrome are:
-
- 1. Cold staphylococcal abscesses - pus filled holes caused by a
- bacterial infection (most often staphylococcal aureus bacteria). These
- abscesses are usually found on the skin, but may also be present on the bone
- behind the ear (mastoid), joints, gums, air passages in the lungs (bronchi),
- and in the lungs themselves.
-
- 2. Granulocyte chemotactic defect - The living substance of white blood
- cells that destroys bacteria, fungi and viruses (leukocytes) can be attracted
- or repelled by chemical stimuli in the body. Patients with Job Syndrome have
- a defect in this process allowing the bacteria to thrive.
-
- 3. Chronic eczema - swelling of the outer skin with itchy, small red
- blisters that become scaly, crusted and thick.
-
- 4. Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E - an unusual abundance of Immunoglobulin E
- is one of the five fluid antibodies produced by the human body and is
- concentrated in the lung, skin and cells of mucous membranes. This antibody
- defends against substances foreign to the body and reacts with them to
- release chemicals that cause reddening of the skin.
-
- 5. Mild eosinophilia - a mild increase in the number of leukocyte white
- blood cells (eosinophils). Eosinophils increase in number when infection and
- allergies are present.
-
- Some (but not all) of the following additional conditions may be present
- in patients with Job Syndrome:
-
- 6. Mucocutaneous Candidiasis - a rare form of candida infection
- characterized by chronic infection of the skin, nails, scalp and mucous
- membranes. This disorder usually develops in people with immune deficiencies
- and in particular infants with Job Syndrome. It causes red, pustular,
- crusted and thickened lesions. (For more information on this disorder choose
- "Candidiasis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- 7. Coarse facial features - broad nasal bridge, prominent nose, and
- irregularly proportioned cheeks and jaws.
-
- 8. Fair skin and reddish hair.
-
- Causes
-
- It is thought that immune complexes may impair the white blood cells
- (neutrophils) that destroy bacteria, cell debris and solid particles in the
- blood and their attraction to chemical stimuli.
-
- Some patients with Job Syndrome inherit this disorder through an
- autosomal recessive trait. Human traits, including the classic genetic
- diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes, one received from
- the father and one from the mother. In recessive disorders, the condition
- does not appear unless a person inherits the same defective gene for the same
- trait from each parent. If one receives one normal gene and one gene for the
- disease, the person will be a carrier for the disease, but usually will not
- show symptoms. The risk of transmitting the disease to the children of a
- couple, both of whom are carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five
- percent. Fifty percent of their children will be carriers, but healthy as
- described above. Twenty-five percent of their children will receive both
- normal genes, one from each parent, and will be genetically normal.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Job Syndrome is a very rare disorder that affects males and females in equal
- numbers. Symptoms of this disorder are present at birth or early childhood.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Job Syndrome.
- Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Atopic Dermatitis, is a common chronic form of eczema. Eczema is a skin
- condition characterized by redness, swelling, oozing, crusting, scaling,
- burning pain, and itching. The causes of eczema fall into two
- classifications: 1) constitutional eczema (Atopic dermatitis), and 2)
- external eczema which is caused by allergies, irritations, or chemical
- reactions. (For more information on this disorder choose "Atopic Dermatitis"
- as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Chronic Granulomatous Disease is a very rare blood disorder which
- primarily affects certain white blood cells (lymphocytes). It is
- characterized by widespread granulomatous tumor-like lesions, and an
- inability to resist infections. The exact cause of this disorder is not
- known but there is a genetic form that primarily affects males and is thought
- to be inherited as an X-linked recessive trait. (For more information on
- this disorder choose "Granulomatous Disease, Chronic" as your search term in
- the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome is a hereditary disorder characterized by a
- partial immune deficiency, eczema, and a deficiency of platelets and
- structures in the blood involved in clotting (thrombocytopenia). This
- disorder affects only males. An early sign of Wiscott-Aldrich Syndrome is
- excessive bleeding from the site of circumcision or from other wounds. This
- disorder is transmitted to males by an X-linked recessive trait. (For more
- information on this disorder choose "Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome" as your search
- term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Job Syndrome is treated with antibiotics. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is
- given continuously or intermittently depending on the longevity of the
- infections. These antibiotics are usually effective, but patients often
- experience repeated infections.
-
- For treatment of Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis, amphotericin B,
- nystatin, clotrimazole, miconizole or 5-fluorocytosine are useful drugs.
- Antifungal and immune system-stimulating substances (such as the molecule
- that can transfer immunity from a sensitized to a non-sensitized individual)
- called transfer factor, thymosin, thymus epithelial cell transplantation, and
- levamisol, are also used in treatment.
-
- Genetic counseling may be of benefit for patients and their families.
- Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- The effects of interferon gamma on excessive immunoglobulin E production in
- patients with Job Syndrome (HIE-hyperimmunoglobulinemia E) are being studied
- at this time. Long-term safety and effectiveness of this treatment is still
- under investigation.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- June 1991. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- 203-746-6518
-
- Immune Deficiency Foundation
- 3565 Ellicott Mill Drive, Unit B2
- Ellicott City, MD 21043
- (800) 296-4433
- (410) 461-3127
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- 301-496-5717
-
- For Genetic Information and Genetic Counseling Referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- 914-428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 9th Ed.: Victor A. McKusick, Editor: Johns
- Hopkins University Press, 1990. Pp. 1281-82.
-
- HEMATOLOGY, 4th Ed,: William J. Williams, et al,; Editors; McGraw-Hill,
- Inc., 1990. Pp. 823, 826.
-
- CLINICAL DERMATOLOGY, 2nd Ed.; Thomas P. Habif, M.D., Editor: The C.V.
- Mosby Company, 1990. Pp. 200-1.
-
- USE OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN INTERFERON GAMMA TO ENHANCE NEUTROPHIL
- CHEMOTACTIC RESPONSES IN JOB SYNDROME OF HYPERIMMUNOGLOBULINEMIA E AND
- RECURRENT INFECTIONS: J.D. Jeppson et al.; J Pediatr (March, 1991; issue
- 118(3)). Pp. 383-7.
-
- THE HYPERIMMUNOGLOBULINEMIA E AND RECURRENT INFECTIONS SYNDROME IN THE
- ADULT: J.P. L'Huillier et al,; Thorax (September, 1990; issue 45(9)). Pp.
- 707-8.
-
- REGULATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN PRODUCTION IN HYPERIMMUNOGLOBULIN E
- RECURRENT INFECTION SYNDROME BY INTERFERON GAMMA: C.L. King et al.; Proc Natl
- Acad Sci (December, 1989; issue 86(24)). Pp. 10085-9.
-
-